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Dynamics of the volume-volatility relationship in the currency markets
Tůma, Adam ; Baruník, Jozef (advisor) ; Komárek, Luboš (referee)
This work investigates the volume-volatility relationship dynamics in the currency markets using data of five currency pairs in the period between 2010 and 2022. By employing multiple specifications of the HAR model with volume- related regressors and also with time-varying parameters (TVP), we examine the relationships' changing dynamics over time with a focus on improving volatility forecasting performance. Our main findings suggest a strong correlation between volume and volatility. The TVP-HARV model shows significantly changing dy- namics of the volume-volatility relationship, especially during periods affected by politics, changing monetary policies or global crises. The proposed models, however, do not improve out-of-sample volatility forecasting performance com- pared to the benchmark HAR model. The causal effect in the volume-volatility relationship in the currency markets is slightly more substantial in the direction of volatility towards volume, where we find slight forecasting improvements. Our findings conclude that volume and volatility in the currency markets are mainly moving simultaneously with a very strong correlation and much weaker and often insignificant causal effects on both sides, which supports the mixture of distributions hypothesis.
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Estimating implicit inflation target of the ECB
Melioris, Libor ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Geršl, Adam (referee)
Existing estimations of implicit inflation target are primarily based on the assumption of parameter stability over time horizon. This work relaxes this assumption and proposes alternative framework based on time-varying parameter model. We aim on behaviour of European Central Bank in order to compare its official proclamations of price stability levels with our implicit estimations. We will also examine how two pillar strategy of European Central Bank is practically used.
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The Czech exchange rate floor: Depreciation without inflation?
Baxa, Jaromír ; Šestořád, Tomáš
After the introduction of an exchange rate commitment and an immediate 7% depreciation of the Czech koruna of in 2013, output growth resumed but inflation remained low. Consequently, the Czech National Bank did not return policy to normal for more than three years. Using a time-varying parameter VAR model with stochastic volatility, we show that this was not surprising. The exchange rate pass-through to prices had been rather low and gradually decreasing since the early 2000s, suggesting limited potential effects of the exchange rate commitment on inflation. On the other hand, the pass-through to output growth increased. These results hold even when the period of the exchange rate floor and the zero lower bound is excluded from the sample, and they are robust to other sensitivity checks. Our results are consistent either with a flattened Phillips curve, or rising quality of the Czech exports and participation in global value chains, or a small effect of the exchange rate commitment on inflation expectations when not paired with temporary price-level targeting. Moreover, we highlight the usefulness of models accounting for time variation of parameters for policy analysis.
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The Exchange Rate Pass-Through at the Zero Lower Bound: The Evidence from the Czech Republic
Šestořád, Tomáš ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Novák, Jiří (referee)
The paper examines the hypothesis that the devaluation of the domestic currency leads to the higher exchange rate pass-through at the zero lower bound since the interest rate channel cannot offset effects of the depreciation in that situation. Time-varying vector autoregression with stochastic volatility is used to identify the development of the pass-through. The hypothesis is tested on the Czech dataset because the Czech Republic is considered as the prototypical small open economy with inflation targeting. The assumption of higher pass-through to consumer prices at the zero lower bound is rejected. Obtained results confirm that the deprecation stimulates output growth slightly more when the interest rate is close to zero. Our estimations imply that the exchange rate commitment of the Czech National Bank increased the price level by 0.116 % and contributed to the output growth by 0.781 %.
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Estimating implicit inflation target of the ECB
Melioris, Libor ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Geršl, Adam (referee)
Existing estimations of implicit inflation target are primarily based on the assumption of parameter stability over time horizon. This work relaxes this assumption and proposes alternative framework based on time-varying parameter model. We aim on behaviour of European Central Bank in order to compare its official proclamations of price stability levels with our implicit estimations. We will also examine how two pillar strategy of European Central Bank is practically used.
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What We Know About Monetary Policy Transmission in the Czech Republic: Collection of Empirical Results
Babecká Kucharčuková, Oxana ; Franta, Michal ; Hájková, Dana ; Král, Petr ; Kubicová, Ivana ; Podpiera, Anca ; Saxa, Branislav
This paper concentrates on describing the available empirical findings on monetary policy transmission in the Czech Republic. Besides the overall impact of monetary policy on inflation and output, it is useful to study its individual channels, in particular the interest rate channel, the exchange rate channel, and the wealth channel. The results confirm that the transmission of monetary impulses to the real economy works in an intuitive direction and to an intuitive extent. Our analyses show, however, that the global financial and economic crisis might have somewhat slowed and weakened the transmission. We found an indication of such a change in the functioning of the interest rate channel, where elevated risk premiums played a major role.
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